Launched on 6th of October 2026

Cardio.toolsby Mohamed Ghazy, MD CardiologyAin Shams University, Egypt · Cardiology Consultant, Saudi ArabiaScopus ID: 55257919100
DVT & prophylaxis

IMPROVE VTE Score

Seven-factor score from the IMPROVE registry (Spyropoulos 2011) for 3-month VTE risk in acutely ill medical inpatients. IMPROVEDD (Gibson 2017) adds 2 points for a D-dimer ≥ 2 × the upper limit of normal; a total ≥ 2 then marks increased risk. Use together with the IMPROVE bleeding score to choose pharmacological or mechanical prophylaxis.

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Criteria
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Total score
0
Low VTE risk
3-month VTE ≈ 0.4–0.6%
Decision guide
No pharmacological prophylaxis; early mobilisation. Reassess if the condition changes.
Ranges: 0–1 Low VTE risk2–3 Moderate VTE risk4–15 High VTE risk
References
  1. Spyropoulos AC, et al. Predictive and associative models to identify hospitalized medical patients at risk for VTE (IMPROVE). Chest 2011;140:706-714.
  2. Gibson CM, et al. An IMPROVEDD VTE risk score: incorporation of D-dimer into the IMPROVE score to improve venous thromboembolism risk stratification. TH Open 2017;1:e56-e65.
  3. Spyropoulos AC, et al. Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after hospitalization for medical illness (MARINER). N Engl J Med 2018;379:1118-1127.
  4. Schünemann HJ, et al. ASH 2018 guidelines for management of VTE: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients. Blood Adv 2018;2:3198-3225.
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