Launched on 6th of October 2026

Cardio.toolsby Mohamed Ghazy, MD CardiologyAin Shams University, Egypt · Cardiology Consultant, Saudi ArabiaScopus ID: 55257919100
Interventions

SCAI Shock Stages

The SCAI stages (A–E) describe shock severity using bedside findings, biochemistry and haemodynamics. Mortality rises steeply with each stage, and re-staging over time triggers escalation.

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Additional criteria
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  • Re-stage at least every few hours: failure to improve after MCS or vasopressors defines stage D.
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Decision guide
Stage on admission and again over time; mortality rises with each stage.
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Ranges: 0 Select a stage1 Stage A — At risk2 Stage B — Beginning3 Stage C — Classic4 Stage D — Deteriorating5 Stage E — Extremis
References
  1. Naidu SS, et al. SCAI SHOCK stage classification expert consensus update. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022;79:933-946.
  2. Jentzer JC, et al. Cardiogenic shock classification to predict mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;74:2117-2128.
  3. Møller JE, et al. Microaxial flow pump or standard care in infarct-related cardiogenic shock (DanGer Shock). N Engl J Med 2024;390:1382-1393.
  4. Thiele H, et al. Extracorporeal life support in infarct-related cardiogenic shock (ECLS-SHOCK). N Engl J Med 2023;389:1286-1297.
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